See cofać on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cofny"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "zacofany"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cofka"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wycofywać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wycofać"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zacofać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "gmh:zaufen",
"4": "-ać",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zaufen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nOld Polish -ać\nPolish -ać\nPolish cofać\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ać\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cofać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cofać\">\nFrom Middle High German zaufen + Polish -ać.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "couvat"
},
"expansion": "Czech couvat",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zaufen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nOld Polish -ać\nPolish -ać\nPolish cofać\nFrom Middle High German zaufen + Polish -ać. Compare Czech couvat.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cofnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cofam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofa się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofał",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofał",
"cofał#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofała",
"cofała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofało",
"cofało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy cofali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"cofali",
"cofali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy cofały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"cofały",
"cofały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofał",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofał",
"cofał#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofała",
"cofała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofało",
"cofało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście cofali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"cofali",
"cofali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście cofały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"cofały",
"cofały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "cofanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "cofnąć"
},
"expansion": "cofać impf (perfective cofnąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧fać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"co‧fać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to withdraw (to pull back)"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-eo~UQ-pq",
"links": [
[
"withdraw",
"withdraw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to withdraw (to pull back)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Computing",
"orig": "pl:Computing",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 16 21 22 3 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to undo"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-6fvANs7y",
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"undo",
"undo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) to undo"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 16 21 22 3 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to back up (to move a vehicle backwards)"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-QLtxnJcq",
"links": [
[
"back up",
"back up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to back up (to move a vehicle backwards)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "5 16 21 22 3 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to back up (to move backwards)"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-KfWHdWNo",
"links": [
[
"back up",
"back up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of a vehicle) to back up (to move backwards)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a vehicle"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to back off, to fall back, to recede (to move back)"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-mUXBx2ch",
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"back off",
"back off"
],
[
"fall back",
"fall back"
],
[
"recede",
"recede"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to back off, to fall back, to recede (to move back)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to go back (in time)"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-VgkFqnNM",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive)]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"go back",
"go back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to go back (in time) [with do (+ genitive)]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 10 10 10 12 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 13 6 7 6 8 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 14 6 6 5 8 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 13 13 9 12 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 11 10 10 10 12 41",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 15 12 12 7 11 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 12 12 8 12 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 14 12 12 8 12 36",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 13 10 10 8 12 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 16 21 22 3 7 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 10 14 14 13 17 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Polish terms suffixed with -ać",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 10 14 14 13 17 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Zagórze Polish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to back down, to shy away"
],
"id": "en-cofać-pl-verb-63EeY034",
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<from something>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘from",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"back down",
"back down"
],
[
"shy away",
"shy away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to back down, to shy away [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɔ.fat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɔ.fat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "cofać"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with etymon",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish imperfective verbs",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish terms derived from Middle High German",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ać",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Polish verbs",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfat͡ɕ",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔfat͡ɕ/2 syllables",
"Zagórze Polish"
],
"derived": [
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "cofny"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "zacofany"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "cofka"
},
{
"tags": [
"noun"
],
"word": "zacofanie"
},
{
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wycofywać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "wycofać"
},
{
"tags": [
"perfective",
"verb"
],
"word": "zacofać"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "gmh:zaufen",
"4": "-ać",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zaufen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nOld Polish -ać\nPolish -ać\nPolish cofać\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ā́ˀtei\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-ati\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ać\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"cofać\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"cofać\">\nFrom Middle High German zaufen + Polish -ać.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cs",
"2": "couvat"
},
"expansion": "Czech couvat",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nMiddle High German zaufen\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-ā́ˀtei\nProto-Slavic *-ati\nOld Polish -ać\nPolish -ać\nPolish cofać\nFrom Middle High German zaufen + Polish -ać. Compare Czech couvat.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cofnąć",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "imperfective",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "l",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "cofam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofamy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofasz",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofacie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofa się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałem",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofał",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofał",
"cofał#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofała",
"cofała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałom",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)m cofało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)m",
"-m#Polish"
],
[
"cofało",
"cofało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy cofali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"cofali",
"cofali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)śmy cofały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)śmy",
"-śmy#Polish"
],
[
"cofały",
"cofały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałeś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofał",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofał",
"cofał#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałaś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofała",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofała",
"cofała#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałoś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ś cofało",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ś",
"-ś#Polish"
],
[
"cofało",
"cofało#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście cofali",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"cofali",
"cofali#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-(e)ście cofały",
"links": [
[
"-(e)ście",
"-ście#Polish"
],
[
"cofały",
"cofały#Polish"
]
],
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"nonvirile",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofano",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"impersonal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będę cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziemy cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziesz cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będziecie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"future",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będą cofać",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "będzie cofać się",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"future",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałbym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałabym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałobym",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bym cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofalibyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałybyśmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byśmy cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałbyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałabyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałobyś",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "byś cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofalibyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "byście cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałybyście",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "byście cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofał",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"masculine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałaby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofała",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"feminine",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałoby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofało",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"neuter",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaliby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofali",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"plural",
"third-person",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofałyby",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "by cofały",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"nonvirile",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofano by",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"impersonal"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofam",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofajmy",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofaj",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofajcie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofa",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "niech cofają",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "cofający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofająca",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofający",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"participle",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofające",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"active",
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofany",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"masculine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofana",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"feminine",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"neuter",
"participle",
"passive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cofani",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural",
"virile"
]
},
{
"form": "cofane",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"nonvirile",
"participle",
"passive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cofając",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"adjectival",
"contemporary",
"participle"
]
},
{
"form": "cofanie",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "impf",
"pf": "cofnąć"
},
"expansion": "cofać impf (perfective cofnąć)",
"name": "pl-verb"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"co‧fać"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"co‧fać"
]
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to withdraw (to pull back)"
],
"links": [
[
"withdraw",
"withdraw"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive) to withdraw (to pull back)"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish transitive verbs",
"pl:Computing"
],
"glosses": [
"to undo"
],
"links": [
[
"computing",
"computing#Noun"
],
[
"undo",
"undo"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive, computing) to undo"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"transitive"
],
"topics": [
"computing",
"engineering",
"mathematics",
"natural-sciences",
"physical-sciences",
"sciences"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs",
"Polish transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to back up (to move a vehicle backwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"back up",
"back up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(ambitransitive) to back up (to move a vehicle backwards)"
],
"tags": [
"ambitransitive",
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to back up (to move backwards)"
],
"links": [
[
"back up",
"back up"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, of a vehicle) to back up (to move backwards)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of a vehicle"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"intransitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to back off, to fall back, to recede (to move back)"
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"back off",
"back off"
],
[
"fall back",
"fall back"
],
[
"recede",
"recede"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to back off, to fall back, to recede (to move back)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to go back (in time)"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":do(gen)"
},
"expansion": "[with do (+ genitive)]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"do",
"(+",
"genitive)"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"go back",
"go back"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to go back (in time) [with do (+ genitive)]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Polish reflexive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to back down, to shy away"
],
"info_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":przed(ins)<from something>"
},
"expansion": "[with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from something’]",
"extra_data": {
"words": [
"przed",
"(+",
"instrumental)",
"‘from",
"something’"
]
},
"name": "+obj"
}
],
"links": [
[
"się",
"się#Polish"
],
[
"back down",
"back down"
],
[
"shy away",
"shy away"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(reflexive with się) to back down, to shy away [with przed (+ instrumental) ‘from something’]"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with się"
],
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"reflexive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈt͡sɔ.fat͡ɕ/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt͡sɔ.fat͡ɕ]",
"note": "Zagórze"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔfat͡ɕ"
}
],
"word": "cofać"
}
Download raw JSONL data for cofać meaning in All languages combined (17.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-08-02 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (d9fa233 and 9e92f4b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.